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الموسوعات والمعاجم الأجنبية:
1- Craig ,Edward, The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy,Routledge Taylor &Francis Gourp,London and NewYork,2005.
2- Felw,Antony ,A Dictionary of Philosophy , Macmillan reference books ,1985.
3- Mautner,Thomas,The Penguin Dictionary of philosophy,Penguin Books,1997.
مراجع باللغة العربية:
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2- حسام محى الدين الآلوسى ، التطور والنسبية في الأخلاق ، دار الطليعة للطباعة والنشر،
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3-زکريا إبراهيم، مشکلات فلسفية (6) المشکلة الخلقية، مکتبة مصر، دار مصر للطباعة ، 1966م.