Effectiveness of training on some of the systemic thinking skills in attitude toward Prejudice among Azhar secondary school students.

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer in Educational Psychology - College of Humanities

Abstract

The aim of the research was to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on some of the systemic thinking skills in reducing the attitude toward  Prejudice among Azhar secondary school students in the Azhar region institutes in Kafr El-Sheikh. The sample of the survey consisted of 220 students, while the basic sample consisted of (33) (The training program - the systematic thinking scale - the measure of Attitude toward  Prejudice - the measure of the effectiveness of experimental treatment), and after the use of the design of the experimental group. The application of the tribal tools of research was applied to the training program and the measure of the effectiveness of experimental treatment, and then the application of remote tools research, and after a month from the end of the application of the program was applied measure of the trend towards intolerance in a follow-up application and using the appropriate statistical methods, the researcher reached several results, including: differences between the averages of degrees The empirical and empirical measures of the experimental group in the overall degree and the following dimensions (bias-impulse, self-centeredness, cognitive distortion, intellectual rigidity, aggression), the attitude toward  Prejudice among Azhar secondary school students,. There were no differences between the average of the distance and the follow-up measurements of the experimental group in the total score of the trend toward intolerance among Azhar secondary school students.

Keywords


  1. Alex , r. & Gwen , G. (2018). You have to do something beyond containing: Developing inclusive systems in a partner ship of primary schools. Emotional & Behavioral Difficulties , 23 (3) , 270-283 .
  2. Anne , b.& tim, H. (2006) . Exploring ethical  problems using thesystemic thinking. Journal of Management Education, 30(1), 134 – 149 .
  3. Audrey & Grey , S. ( 2012) .Using thinking skills system to guide discussions during a working conference on students with disabilities pursing STEM fields . Stem Education, 13 (1) , pp. 43-54.
  4. Barter , N. & Russell , S. ( 2014) . Two snapshots rein forcing systemic thinking and responsibility. Journal of Global Responsibility , 5 ( 1) , 45-54 .
  5. Bartlett , B ( 2001) . Systemic thinking: A simple thinking technique for gaining systemic focus . The international conferences. On thinking " Break throughs 1-14.Irlanda University.
  6. Battaci , A., (2017) . Relations between prejudice , cultural intelligence and level of interpreenurship : A study of school principals. International Electoronic Journal of Elementary Education , 9(3) , 645-666 .
  7. Battista,M. & Clements,D.(2005).The development of systemic thinking skills in the context of earth system eeducation.Journal of Research in Science Teaching ,42(5),501-508.
  8. Berger ,L. & Hisham , G., (2015) . The art of living together : Reducing stereotyping and prejudicial through the arab jewish class Exchange program (CEP), Journal of Educational Psychology , 107 (3) , 678-688 .
  9. Berryman , F. (2018). Reducing prejudice an compus : The Role of intergroup contacts and diversity education . College Student Journal , 40(3) , 511-516 .
  10. Brown,R,.(2010).prejudice:Its social psychology.U.S.A,The Artium Southem Gate:John wiley & Sons LTd.

 

  1. Cadenas , G, Cisneros , J., Todd, N., Spaniermen, L. (2018). Dream zone : Testing two vicarious contactinter ventions to improve attitudes toward undocumented immigrants. Journal of Diversity in higher Education , 11(3) , 295-308 .
  2. Calhal , M. (2001) . systemic thinking in China : A meta – decision – making bridge to western concepts. Systemic practice and Action Research , 14(3) , 339-350 .
  3. Castillo , J., Camonna , C., Equizabal A, (2011). prejudice Reduction in university programs for older adults. Educational Getantology , 37 (2) , 164 -190 .
  4. Charajedaghi , J. (2011) . Systemic thinking : Managing chaos and complexity .USA wiley & son.
  5. Christoph ,R.,Christian ,V.,Daid,W.,Melanie,F. &,Eberhard,H.(2014).Attitudes towards the elderly among German adolescents..Educational Gerontology,40(3),230-238.
  6. Cocolwska ,A. &Crips,E.(2012).On counter-stereo types  and creative cognition : when interventions reducing  prejudice,can boost divergent thinking .Thinking Skills and Creativity,8(1),72-79.
  7. Darrell , D. (2016). Using an anti – racist education strategy to counter prejudice against Arab and Muslim. Dissertation , Rutgers , The University of New Jersy New Brun swick , available at http://www.proquest.comp.15-21.

 

  1. Dhukaram, A.,Cleo , S. & Greala ,A.(2018). Higher education provision using systems thinking approach : Case studies. European Journal of Engineering  Education , 43 (1),3-25.
  2. Dhwan,R., Oconnor,M. &Borman ,M.(2006) .Contribution of system tools to dynamic decision making .proceeding of the 12 th ANZSYS conference –Sustaining our social and natural capital Katoomba ,NSW ,Austoralia ,3rd-6th December,215-221.
  3. Donwicker ,Ph.,(2010). Attitude:An interactive guide to determine the correct attitude in real –life situations.U.S.A:Congress Control.
  4. Eagley ,A. &Chaiken,S.(2003).The psychology of attitudes .Orlando  Fl :Harcourt  Brace & Jovanovish College Publishers .
  5. Felix,E.,Hilario,M.,Eilsoabet,A.,Joxe G. & Juan,E.(2015). Prejudice against  immigrants in secondary schools .Intercultural Education,26(5),239-260.
  6. Fitzgerald , M . & Byers , A (2006) . Net working for leadership inquiry and systemic thinking : A new approach to inquiry based learning. Journal of Science Education and Techno loggy , 11(1) , 81-92.
  7. Goodman , M., Kemeny , J, Roberts , C. (2006) . The language of system thinking links and loaps. Society for organizational learning Available at ww.solonline/org/pra/tool/100ps.html.
  8. Gregory,M., & Amber,F. (2016).Systems thinking and  the leader ship conundrum in health care .Journal  of Research , Depate and Practice ,12(4), 559-573.
  9. Hasiang , C. Yuan , t., Shen , C. & Kuo , H. (2010). Bridging the systematic thinking gap between east and the west : Aninshight into the yin. Young based system , theory systemic . International Electronic Journal , 23 (2) , 173-189.
  10. Hildbrant ,T.& Bayrhuber, R.(2003).The development of ideas understanding using systems thinking approach for secondary school.Educational Science,15(4),33-41.
  11. Hombay , A. (1992) . Assessing the structure of prejudice att itudies: the case of homa sexuals. Journal of Personality and Psygchology , 65(6) , 1105-1118.
  12. Hsiang,C.,Yuan,T.,Shen,C. &Kuo,H.,(2010).Bridging the systematic thinking gap between east and west : An Insight into the Yin_Yang based  system theory system theory  systematic .International Electronlc System Journal ,23(2),173-189.
  13. Hung,H,.(2008). Enhansing system thinking  skills  with modeling .Britich Journal of Educationl  Technology ,39(6), 1099-1120.
  14. Jassim , A. (2016) . The role of emotional catharsis program in decreasing religious fanaticism. Bokbdad university , (116) , 17-28.
  15. Jennifer , P., Spears , b. & Jana , J. (2007). Predjudice reduction in schools : Teaching torlerance in schools lessons learned since Brown V. Board of Education about the development and reduction of children's prejudice. Social policy Report , 21(2) , 24-34 .
  16. Jimenez , A. & Fishcher , V. (2017) . Gender and sexual orientation among adolescents in Brazili An analysis of the prejudice and Bullying in the educational context procedia .Social and Behavioral Sciences , 237 (21) , 38 – 43 .
  17. Jones,R.(2014).Habits of mind :developing problem-solving strategies for all  learners .Childrens Technology and Engineering .18(2),24-36.
  18. Jotin, k. (2010) .Mediations on system thinking ,Spretioual system ,and Deep ecology.Systemic Practice and Action Research,19(4) ,295-308 .
  19. Kenster, L., Reames ,  E. & John,P.,(2018) .Systems thinking tools for improving evidence ,based practice :Across case analysis of two high school leader teams .High School Journal ,95(2), 32-53.
    1. Kotelinkon , V.(2006). Systemic thinking for cusing on the whole , not the parts , of a complex system . Website http://www.1000ventures business gulde / cross cuttings /thinking – systemic . htl.
    2. Levine,R. & Campdell,A.(2000).Theories of conflict ethical attitude and group behavior.Newyork:Willy&Sons.
    3. Lyons,C. (2018).Relation ship  between  conceptual knowledge and reasoning about systems :Impplications for fostering  systems thinking  in secondary science ,PHD.,Dissertation abstract ,Colombia University.
    4. Marrais,k. &Laban,D.(2004). Foundations for research methods of inquiry in education and social sciences .London :Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    5. Martha , M., Richard P. & Lara , C. (2015). Assessing an introduction to systems thinking .Natural Sciences Education , 44(1) , 11-17 .
    6. Mccaowan, T. (2017) . Building bridges rather than walls : Research into an experimental model of interfaith education in secondary schools . British Journal of Religious Education , 39 (3) , 269-278 .
    7. Mcnamara , C., (2006) . Systemic thinking : system tools and chaos theory . New York: Cambridge university.
    8. Melanie , K,., Adam , R & Martin , R. (2011): promation equity , tolerance , and justice in childrhood. Sharing Child and youth  Development Knowledge , 25(4) , 1-20 .
    9. Mentors, R., Magiera,M., Moyar,j.,&Van,D. (2010).Pre-service Teachers algebraic  habits of mind.School Science and Mathematics,32(4),59-65.
    10. Mesut , A. ( 2005) . Appreclative inquiry: A field study of community development . Systemic practice and Action Research , (18), 21-23 .
    11. Michael , W. (2006) . Conceptual Similarties : Resposiblity , self and systemic thinking in the family systems theory of murray Bowen and the theology of H. Richard Niebuhrby . Unpublished Doctroal Dissertation, Union theological seminary & Presby terian School of Chirstian Education ,Irlanda University.
    12. Miguel , A. , Pablo , B . , Javier , H. & Richard , E. (2014). Changing prejudice attitudes by thinking about Persuasive messages : lmplications for resistance. Journal of Applied Social psychology ,( 44) , 343 – 353 .
    13. Orit , A. & Nir , Z. (2015) . Development of system thinking skills in the contesxt of earth system education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(5) , 518-560.
    14. Pamparasit , N. & Boonya Siriwat , B. (2018). The effect of perspective – taking on prejudice among thais the moderating role of relation self – esteem . Journal of Social Sciences , 2 (12) , 1-11 .
    15. Riess , W. & Mischo , C. ( 2010). Promoting systems thinking through biology lessons. International Journal of Science Education , 32 (6) , 705 – 725 .
    16. Robert , H & Laura , M. (2003) . Apply total systems thinking to take competitive challenges. CIM Bulletin , 96 (67), 8- 15.
    17. Smith ,S. & Fabriger,l. (2010).Attitudes in kazden ,A.,(edit).Encyclopedia of psychology.New york:Oxford University press ,1(3),303-309.
    18. Sparkman , D. & Blanchar , J (2017). Examining relationships among epistemic motivation perspective taking and prejudice : A test of two explanatory models. Personality and Individual Differences , 114 (1) , 48-56 .
    19. Stephen , G. (2009) . Total system thinking . Beverage  Indistury , 100(4) , 55-56 .

 

  1. Sterling , S. (2004). Systems thinking. In D. Tiburary & D. Worman (EDS) , Engaging people in sustainability , commission on education and communication . UCN, Gland Switzerland and Cambridge , UK.
  2. Velasco , D., (2015). Evalute , Analysis & describe (E.A.D) confronting underlying issues of racism and other prejudice for effective internaiontal communication the laford .Journal of Education : 111(11) , 82-92 .
  3. Vivekanadan , D., Gleo , S. & Ardavan , G. (2018). Higher Education provision using systems thinking Approach: case studies . European Jounal of Engineering Education , 43(1), 3-25.
  4. William, A.(2003).The complete guide to system thinking and learning ,NewYork:  Willy&Sons
  5. Zerrin , D., & Ali , S (2018). Develping seventh grade students : Under standing of complex environmental problems with systems tools and representation : Aquasiexperimental stydy . Research inScience Education , 48 (2) , 491-514 .